身份验证是这样一个过程:由用户提供凭据,然后将其与存储在操作系统、数据库、应用或资源中的凭据进行比较。 在授权过程中,如果凭据匹配,则用户身份验证成功,可执行已向其授权的操作。 授权指判断允许用户执行的操作的过程。也可以将身份验证理解为进入空间(例如服务器、数据库、应用或资源)的一种方式,而授权是用户可以对该空间(服务器、数据库或应用)内的哪些对象执行哪些操作。
微软官方文档
asp.net core支持多种授权,本篇重点说明JWT的基于角色授权方式。
基于JWT角色身份验证和授权,思路是在登录时分发加密的Token,在访问资源时带有这个Token,服务端要验证这个Token是不是自己分发的,如果是,再验证访问范围是否正确,本篇的范围就是那些资源是那种角色访问,得到Token的用户当前是那种角色,也就是角色和资源的匹配。
用asp.net core实现步骤:
1、appsettings.json中配置JWT参
2、添加身份认证和授权服务和中间件
3、定义生成Token的方法和验证Toekn参数的方法
4、登录时验证身份并分发Toekn
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Text;
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder();
//获取JWT参数,并注入到服务容器
var jwtConfig = new JWTConfig();
builder.Configuration.GetSection("JWTConfig").Bind(jwtConfig);
builder.Services.AddSingleton(jwtConfig);
//添加JJWT方式的身份认证和授权,
builder.Services
.AddAuthorization()
.AddAuthentication(options =>
{
options.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
options.DefaultChallengeScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
})
.AddJwtBearer(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, opt =>
{
opt.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
opt.TokenValidationParameters = JwtToken.CreateTokenValidationParameters(jwtConfig);
});
var app = builder.Build();
//使用身份认证和授权的中间件
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.MapGet("/hellosystem", (ILogger<Program> logger, HttpContext context) =>
{
var message = $"hello,system,{context.User?.Identity?.Name}";
logger.LogInformation(message);
return message;
}).RequireAuthorization(new RoleData { Roles = "system" });
app.MapGet("/helloadmin", (ILogger<Program> logger, HttpContext context) =>
{
var message = $"hello,admin,{context.User?.Identity?.Name}";
logger.LogInformation(message);
return message;
}).RequireAuthorization(new RoleData { Roles = "admin" });
app.MapGet("/helloall", (ILogger<Program> logger, HttpContext context) =>
{
var message = $"hello,all roles,{context.User?.Identity?.Name}";
logger.LogInformation(message);
return message;
}).RequireAuthorization(new RoleData { Roles = "admin,system" });
//登录成功,并分发Token
app.MapPost("/login", [AllowAnonymous] (ILogger<Program> logger, LoginModel login, JWTConfig jwtConfig) =>
{
logger.LogInformation("login");
if (login.UserName == "gsw" && login.Password == "111111")
{
var now = DateTime.UtcNow;
var claims = new Claim[] {
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, "admin"),
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, "桂素伟"),
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Sid, login.UserName),
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Expiration, now.AddSeconds(jwtConfig.Expires).ToString())
};
var token = JwtToken.BuildJwtToken(claims, jwtConfig);
return token;
}
else
{
return "username or password is error";
}
});
app.Run();
//登录实体
public class LoginModel
{
public string? UserName { get; set; }
public string? Password { get; set; }
}
//JWT配置
public class JWTConfig
{
public string? Secret { get; set; }
public string? Issuer { get; set; }
public string? Audience { get; set; }
public int Expires { get; set; }
}
//JWT操作类型
public class JwtToken
{
//获取Token
public static dynamic BuildJwtToken(Claim[] claims, JWTConfig jwtConfig)
{
var now = DateTime.UtcNow;
var jwt = new JwtSecurityToken(
issuer: jwtConfig.Issuer,
audience: jwtConfig.Audience,
claims: claims,
notBefore: now,
expires: now.AddSeconds(jwtConfig.Expires),
signingCredentials: GetSigningCredentials(jwtConfig)
);
var encodedJwt = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(jwt);
var response = new
{
Status = true,
AccessToken = encodedJwt,
ExpiresIn = now.AddSeconds(jwtConfig.Expires),
TokenType = "Bearer"
};
return response;
}
static SigningCredentials GetSigningCredentials(JWTConfig jwtConfig)
{
var keyByteArray = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(jwtConfig?.Secret!);
var signingKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(keyByteArray);
return new SigningCredentials(signingKey, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);
}
//验证Token的参数
public static TokenValidationParameters CreateTokenValidationParameters(JWTConfig jwtConfig)
{
var keyByteArray = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(jwtConfig?.Secret!);
var signingKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(keyByteArray);
return new TokenValidationParameters
{
ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
IssuerSigningKey = signingKey,
ValidateIssuer = true,
ValidIssuer = jwtConfig?.Issuer,
ValidateAudience = true,
ValidAudience = jwtConfig?.Audience,
ClockSkew = TimeSpan.Zero,
RequireExpirationTime = true,
};
}
}
//mini api添加验证授权的参数类型
public class RoleData : IAuthorizeData
{
public string? Policy { get; set; }
public string? Roles { get; set; }
public string? AuthenticationSchemes { get; set; }
}
验证结果:
1、没有登录,返回401
2、登录,取token
3、正确访问
4、没有授权访问,返回403
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